Description
Indoxyl Sulfate (IS) is a protein-bound uremic toxin (PBUT) that is produced by the intestinal flora decomposing tryptophan in food and is normally excreted through the kidneys.
However, in patients with CKD, the impaired renal function (decreased GFR) leads to the accumulation of IS, resulting in elevated concentrations in vivo. The accumulation of these uremic toxins can cause toxicity to renal tubules and renal tissues. This toxicity is manifested through various mechanisms, including the induction of oxidative stress and reduction in antioxidant capacity, leading to tubulointerstitial damage. Additionally, it can result in apoptosis and necrosis of renal tubular cells and the production of fibrosis-related factors, further contributing to overall renal structural damage and loss of renal function. Furthermore, it promotes the disease process of CKD, eventually leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) where hemodialysis and other treatments become necessary.
In patients with CKD, the serum concentration of IS is negatively correlated with the GFR and positively correlated with mortality. IS may also have adverse effects on other organs or systems, including, but not limited to, renal bone disease, sarcopenia, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and arterial sclerosis.
Product Note
- Pioneering the Future of CKD Assessment: Filling the Gap in Renal Care.
- CE Mark approval for IVD applications in the European Economic Area (EEA)
- High specificity without cross-reactivity to other analogs
- LEADGENE® IS ELISA Kit is comparable to LC-MS/MS
- No expensive equipment needed
- Taiwan FDA (MOHW-MD-No. 007625)
- CE-IVD
- Singapore HSA (DE0510778)
- Vietnam Marketing Authorization Code (MAC) (240001081/PCBB-HCM)
- Australia TGA Approval for IVD Products
